Continuum-Based Approach to Model Particulate Soil–Water Interaction: Model Validation and Insight into Internal Erosion

Resolving the interaction between soil and water is critical to understanding a wide range of geotechnical applications. In cases when hydrodynamic forces are dominant fluidization expected, it necessary account for microscale interactions water. Some existing models such as coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics–Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) can capture quite accurately. However, often computationally expensive cannot be easily applied at scale that would aid design process. Contrastingly, continuum-based Two-Fluid Model (TFM) feasible scalable alternative. this study, we explored potential TFM simulate granular soil–water interactions. The model was validated by simulating internal sand bed due an upward jet. Analogous leakage from pressurized pipe, simulation compared with available experimental data evaluate performance. numerical results showed decent agreement in terms excess pore pressure, patterns, physical deformations violent flow regimes. Moreover, detailed characteristics particle size distribution could implemented, which previously considered shortcoming model. Overall, model’s performance indicates viable tool particulate mixtures.